Contract Relationship Diagrams

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Conventional (A201) Design-Bid-Build

Key attributes:

  • For use when the Owner’s project is divided into separate contracts for design (Architect) and construction (Contractor).
  • Suitable for conventional project delivery (design‐bid‐build).
  • Owner retains Architect.
  • Architect and his/her Consultants prepare drawings and specifications.
  • Architect assists Owner in obtaining bids/proposals, and then Owner awards contract(s) for construction.
  • Contractor(s) and Surety(ies) obligate to Owner for bid, performance and payment bonds.
  • Contractor and Subcontractors build the work.
  • AIA Documents A101®, A102™, and A103™ each include a separate Exhibit A, Insurance and Bonds, that is used to establish key insurance terms for the Project.

Contract relationships:

Conventional

Documents: A101®, Owner/Contractor Agreement—Stipulated Sum; A102™, Owner/Contractor Agreement—Cost of the Work Plus a Fee, with GMP; A103™, Owner/Contractor Agreement—Cost of the Work Plus a Fee, No GMP; A104™, Abbreviated Owner/Contractor Agreement; A201®, General Conditions of the Contract for Construction; A310™, Bid Bond; A312™, Performance Bond/Payment Bond; A401™, Contractor/Subcontractor Agreement; A105™, Owner/Contractor Agreement; B101™, Owner/Architect Agreement; B103™, Owner/Architect Agreement—Complex Project; B104™, Abbreviated Owner/Architect Agreement; B105™, Owner/Architect Agreement; C103™, Owner/Consultant Agreement; and C401™, Architect/Consultant Agreement.

* A104/A105 and B104/B105 are intended to be used for smaller projects or projects of limited scope. A104 and A105 combine the owner/contractor agreement with abbreviated General Conditions. If C401 and A401 are used with B104 and A104, appropriate modifications should be made with the assistance of insurance and legal counsel.

 

Small Projects

Key attributes:

  • Suitable for projects of relatively low cost and brief duration.
  • These documents —AIA Documents B105™ and A105™— are, in effect, conventional design‐bid‐build documents (i.e., B101™ and A101® /A201®) “stripped down” to the essentials.
  • These documents feature the use of stipulated sum and integrated general conditions.

Contract relationships:

Small Projects

Documents: A105™, Short Form Owner/Contractor Agreement; and B105™, Short Form Owner/Architect Agreement.

 

Interiors

Key attributes:

  • For use when the owner’s project is divided into separate contracts for architectural interior design and FF&E design to be performed by an architect, construction to be performed by a contractor, and the sale of furniture, furnishings, and equipment (FF&E) to be provided by a vendor. 
  • Suitable for conventional project delivery (design‐bid‐build).
  • The owner retains an architect to perform architectural interior design services and FF&E selection services.
  • The architect and his/her consultants prepare two packages of drawings and specifications – the construction documents for construction work that will be performed by a contractor and FF&E documents for goods that will be provided by a vendor. 
  • The architect assists the owner in obtaining bids or proposals for the construction work and procurement of FF&E goods.
  • The owner has separate contracts for construction work (to be performed by a contractor) and the sale of FF&E goods (to be provided by a vendor) 
  • The contractor and subcontractors perform the construction work, while the vendor provides the FF&E goods.
  • The B254-2019, Purchasing Agent Services for Furniture, Furnishings, and Equipment (FF&E) is a scope of services document that can be used in situations where an architect is expected to assist an owner in purchasing FF&E and managing FF&E contracts.

Contract relationships:

Relationship Diagram: Interiors

 

Documents: B152™, Owner/Architect Agreement for Architectural Interior Design Services; B252™, Standard Form of Architect’s Services – Architectural Interior Design; B253™, Standard Form of Architect’s Services for Furniture, Furnishings and Equipment Design; B254™, Standard Form of Architect’s Services for Purchasing Agent Services for Furniture, Furnishings and Equipment (FF&E); A151™, Owner/Vendor Agreement for Furniture, Furnishings and Equipment (FF&E); and A152™, Purchase Order.

B252, B253, B254 provide scope of services only. Must be combined with B102™, Owner/Architect Agreement without a Predefined Scope of Architect’s Services or other owner/architect agreement.

** A751™Invitation and Instructions for Quotation for Furniture, Furnishings and Equipment can be used to solicit quotes from potential vendors.

A104, Abbreviated Owner/Contractor Agreement and A105, Owner/Contractor Short Form Agreement are stand-alone agreements that do not require a separate general conditions document.

 

Construction Manager as Adviser (CMa)

Key attributes:

  • Owner retains an Architect and a Construction Manager, who acts as an additional adviser to the Owner.
  • Contractor(s) and Subcontractor(s) are responsible for construction.
  • Construction Manager gives Owner construction management advice through design and construction phases — increased expertise in managing a project from start to finish.
  • A Sustainable Projects Exhibit for CMa is available to tailor the roles of the parties for those projects.

Contract relationships:

CMa

Documents: A132™, Owner/Contractor Agreement, CMa Edition; A232™, General Conditions of the Contract for Construction, CMa Edition; A401™, Contractor/Subcontractor Agreement; B132™, Owner/Architect Agreement, CMa Edition; C132™, Owner/Construction Manager as Advisor Agreement; and C401™, Architect/Consultant Agreement.

 

Construction Manager as Constructor (CMc)

Key attributes:

  • Single party (Construction Manager) provides construction management services in the pre‐construction phase and then completes construction (Constructor).
  • Gives Construction Manager (Constructor) responsibility and control over construction work via direct contract(s) with Subcontractor(s).
  • Construction phase services are paid on the basis of cost of work plus a fee either with (AIA Document A133™) or without (AIA Document A134™) a Guaranteed Maximum Price.
  • A Sustainable Projects Exhibit for CMc is available to tailor the roles of the parties for those projects.

Contract relationships:

Cmc

Documents: A133™, Owner/Construction Manager as Constructor Agreement, where the basis of payment is the Cost of the Work Plus a Fee with a Guaranteed Maximum Price; A134™, Owner/Construction Manager as Constructor Agreement, where the basis of payment is the Cost of the Work Plus a Fee without a Guaranteed Maximum Price; A201®, General Conditions of the Contract for Construction; A401™, Contractor/Subcontractor Agreement; B133™, Owner/Architect Agreement, Cmc Edition; and C401™, Architect/Consultant Agreement.

 

Design-Build

Key attributes:

  • Owner enters into a contract with a single entity Design‐Builder.
  • Design‐Builder is then obligated to both design and construct the project.
  • Owner may also hire a Consultant to assist Owner in working with Design‐Builder.
  • Design‐Builder then enters into contracts with Architect and/or Construction Contractor(s), if necessary.
  • Design‐Builder may be:
    • a Developer or Single Purpose Entity (design and construction in one shop).
    • an Architect‐led organization.
    • a Contractor‐led organization (most often the case).
  • For a one or two-family residential project, see AIA Document A145™, Owner Design/Builder Agreement for a One or Two Family Residential Project.

Contract relationships:

Design-Build

Documents: A141™, Owner/Design‐Builder Agreement; A145™, Owner/Design‐Builder Agreement for a One or Two Family Residential Project; A142™, Design‐Builder/Contractor Agreement; A441™, Contractor/Subcontractor Agreement for a Design‐Build Project; B143™, Design‐Builder/Architect Agreement; C141™, Owner/Consultant Agreement for a Design‐Build Project; and C441™, Architect/Consultant Agreement for a Design‐Build Project.

 

 

Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) – Transitional Documents

Key attributes:

  • Integrated Project Delivery is an emerging process and these Transitional Agreements are a comfortable first step to IPD.
  • A collaborative project delivery approach that utilizes the talents and insights of all project participants through all phases of design and construction.
  • Structured similar to existing Construction Manager as Constructor agreements.

Contract relationships:

IPD - Transitional

 

Documents: A401™, Contractor/Subcontractor Agreement; A295™, General Conditions of the Contract for Integrated Project Delivery; and C401™, Architect/Consultant Agreement.

*If A401 or C401 is to be used on a project with the Transitional Forms, appropriate modifications should be made with the assistance of insurance and legal counsel.

 

Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) – Multi-Party Agreement

Key attributes:

  • These Agreements more fully integrate the project parties into IPD.
  • Owner, Architect, and Contractor, at a minimum, enter into one contract (Multi‐Party Agreement).
  • The Multi‐Party Agreement allows for the sharing of risk and reward in a fully integrated collaborative process.

 

Contract relationships:

 

Documents: A401™, Contractor/Subcontractor Agreement; C191™, Multi‐Party Agreement for Integrated Project Delivery; and C401™, Architect/Consultant Agreement.

*If A401 or C401  is to be used on a project with the Multi‐Party Agreement, appropriate modifications should be made with the assistance of insurance and legal counsel.

 

Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) – Single Purpose Entity (SPE)

Key attributes:

  • These Agreements more fully integrate the project parties into IPD.
  • Creates a limited liability company (Single Purpose Entity) for the purpose of furnishing the planning, design, and construction of the project through separate contracts with appropriate entities.
  • The Single Purpose Entity (SPE) allows for complete sharing of risk and reward in a fully integrated collaborative process.

Contract relationships:

 

Documents: C195™, SPE Agreement for Integrated Project Delivery; C196™, SPE/Owner Agreement for IPD; C197™, SPE/Non‐Owner Member Agreement for IPD; C198™, SPE/Consultant Agreement for IPD; and C199™, SPE/Contractor Agreement for IPD.

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